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Additional - Enamelling
Enamel: At high temperature in a kiln, several components such as silica are melted together. After crushing we get a fine transparent powder called « fondant » which is close to crystal. Depending of the components, enamels can be opaque or transparent.
To make coloured enamels, add metallic oxydes to the fondant. Enamelling : The enamels are then placed on metal, which can be copper, silver, gold, steel or rarely bronze, and fired at 780 to 900 degrees in a kiln several time in successive layers, according to the enamel or technique used.
Different
enamelling techniques : - Enamelling : enamel powders are used in the same manner than a painter uses his paints. - The cloisonne : a metal wire is placed on a metal sheet, shaped according to a design to separate the colours. Applied by thin layers and fired each time, the enamel powders fill the cavities. - The champleve : the metal is engraved in its thickness, to be filled in by thin layers of powders applied and fired each time. - The Basse taille : the metal sheet is worked before the enamel powders are applied over it. Many techniques can be used like engraving or guilloché. - Painting : on an enamelled metal piece, the design is made with coloured paints applied with a paint brush, fired several times before to be covered by transparent enamel to protect it. - The Grisaille : a very fine white powder is layed like paint with a needle on a dark background, adding the light areas on a drawing. - The Plique a jour : transparent enamel is applied into metal holes, as the stainless glass effect.
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